...some questions...
1. What is the National Inventory of Dams? About how many dams are in the inventory? What dams are included/not included in the inventory?
2. What are the most common primary stated purposes of dams in the NID? Do most dams have one or multiple stated purposes?
3. What is the Bureau of Reclamation? What are "they" "reclaming"?Where (geographically) do they do most of their work? What is the other major federal agency that builds dams in the US? Why do we need two different federal agencies to build dams?
4. What is siltation? What causes siltation? Why is siltation such a barrier to the sustainability of dams at an individual and collective level?
5. How do dams affect biodiversity?
6. When did the rate of dam construction peak in the USA? Why is this important? When did our hydroelectric capacity increase? When did it stop increasing? What is the general metric for the design life of a dam? (according to the American Society of Civil Engineers)?
7. Is there such as thing as excess capacity to generate electricity?
Slides from today are on Sakai.
Friday, February 28, 2014
Wednesday, February 26, 2014
Wednesday Week Seven
...some questions...
1. Where does Buena Vista (BV), Virginia get its (domestic) water? Where is BV? What are their water management challenges and how have they been managing those challenges? Special thanks to HB for the story!
2. Why does the discharge vary downstream of the Glen Canyon Dam?
3. Over a 24-hour cycle, when do electrical consumers consume the greatest amount of electricity? How does this affect the price of electricity? If individual electricity consumers pay a standard fixed price per kilowatt-hour (a unit of electricity measurement), who covers this short-term price volatility? What drive/controls energy use at the individual consumer level?
3. What is an energy portfolio? What does it mean to have a diverse energy portfolio? Does the USA have a diverse energy portfolio wrt electricity generation? How do we generate our electricity? How does electricity generation vary from place to place within the USA (in our examples from class from state to state)?
4. How do we change chemical potential energy, into thermal energy, into mechanical energy into electrical energy? What about gravitational potential energy? Where does water fit into the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy? What is the difference between a turbine and a generator?
5. What are the factors that determine the amount of power a hydroelectric plant can generate?
6. How can methods of electricity generation (coal, biomass, nuclear, hydro, natural gas, petroleum, tidal, geothermal, solar thermal, solar PV, and wind) be characterized with regard to whether or not they are controllable or predictable? From the standpoint of an electrical grid operator, what characteristic(s) is/are more valuable? From an electrical consumer standpoint, what characteristic(s) is/are more valuable?
7. What is a pump storage plant? How is it different than a "regular" hydroelectric plant? What major challenge to the electrical grid does a PSP manage?
Slides from today are on Sakai. Your assigned reading for Friday is Chapter 3: First Causes from Marc Reisner's Cadillac Desert. A .pdf is available at Sakai--> Resources --> Readings --> Cadillac Desert Chapter 3 (you should have already read chapter 4).
1. Where does Buena Vista (BV), Virginia get its (domestic) water? Where is BV? What are their water management challenges and how have they been managing those challenges? Special thanks to HB for the story!
2. Why does the discharge vary downstream of the Glen Canyon Dam?
3. Over a 24-hour cycle, when do electrical consumers consume the greatest amount of electricity? How does this affect the price of electricity? If individual electricity consumers pay a standard fixed price per kilowatt-hour (a unit of electricity measurement), who covers this short-term price volatility? What drive/controls energy use at the individual consumer level?
3. What is an energy portfolio? What does it mean to have a diverse energy portfolio? Does the USA have a diverse energy portfolio wrt electricity generation? How do we generate our electricity? How does electricity generation vary from place to place within the USA (in our examples from class from state to state)?
4. How do we change chemical potential energy, into thermal energy, into mechanical energy into electrical energy? What about gravitational potential energy? Where does water fit into the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy? What is the difference between a turbine and a generator?
5. What are the factors that determine the amount of power a hydroelectric plant can generate?
6. How can methods of electricity generation (coal, biomass, nuclear, hydro, natural gas, petroleum, tidal, geothermal, solar thermal, solar PV, and wind) be characterized with regard to whether or not they are controllable or predictable? From the standpoint of an electrical grid operator, what characteristic(s) is/are more valuable? From an electrical consumer standpoint, what characteristic(s) is/are more valuable?
7. What is a pump storage plant? How is it different than a "regular" hydroelectric plant? What major challenge to the electrical grid does a PSP manage?
Slides from today are on Sakai. Your assigned reading for Friday is Chapter 3: First Causes from Marc Reisner's Cadillac Desert. A .pdf is available at Sakai--> Resources --> Readings --> Cadillac Desert Chapter 3 (you should have already read chapter 4).
Monday, February 24, 2014
Monday Week Seven
...some questions...
1. Midterm Exam questions 8, 9, 14, and 22 (revisited)
2. What would a source water assessment report for the Maury Service Authority look like? Is it a good idea to drink water straight from the Maury? How would you (minimally) have to treat it?
Slides from today are on Sakai.
1. Midterm Exam questions 8, 9, 14, and 22 (revisited)
2. What would a source water assessment report for the Maury Service Authority look like? Is it a good idea to drink water straight from the Maury? How would you (minimally) have to treat it?
Slides from today are on Sakai.
Friday, February 14, 2014
Friday Week Six
...some questions...
1. What is hydrography? What is a hydrograph? What is a hydrogram? Where do you go to access hydrographic data for US rivers? What does a hydrogram for an unmanaged, eastern US river (such as the Maury River) look like?
2. What is special about the Colorado River? What are its headwaters? What do we mean when we say that the state of Colorado has an 80 80 problem? How does the Big Thompson Project address the 80 80 problem? What does this mean for the Colorado River?
3. What are the major dams along the Colorado River? What are the major diversion projects? What cities rely on water from the CO river for their domestic use? What important agricultural areas are allowed or augmented by irrigation water from the CO river?
There were no slides used in class today.
1. What is hydrography? What is a hydrograph? What is a hydrogram? Where do you go to access hydrographic data for US rivers? What does a hydrogram for an unmanaged, eastern US river (such as the Maury River) look like?
2. What is special about the Colorado River? What are its headwaters? What do we mean when we say that the state of Colorado has an 80 80 problem? How does the Big Thompson Project address the 80 80 problem? What does this mean for the Colorado River?
3. What are the major dams along the Colorado River? What are the major diversion projects? What cities rely on water from the CO river for their domestic use? What important agricultural areas are allowed or augmented by irrigation water from the CO river?
There were no slides used in class today.
Wednesday, February 12, 2014
Wednesday Week Six
...some questions...
1. Where is the Colorado River? Perhaps more importantly, where is the Colorado River watershed? What is a watershed? Where is the division between the upper and lower Colorado River watersheds? What are the rainfall patterns within the watershed? How is the gradient of the Colorado River different than other rivers of similar size? Why is gradient important in determining the characteristic of a river?
2. What is special about the Colorado River? Why is it so important (or is it)? How is the Colorado River currently different from its unregulated state?
3. What is the Colorado River Compact? How does the Colorado River Compact deal with inter-annual variability? What determines who gets how much water?
4. What is a hydrograph? What is discharge? What are the units of discharge? What does a hydrograph for a naturally flowing river look like? What about a river just downstream of a hydroelectric dam? What about an other type of dam?
5. What is the "Grand Flush"? Why do we have to "flush" the Grand Canyon periodically?
1. Where is the Colorado River? Perhaps more importantly, where is the Colorado River watershed? What is a watershed? Where is the division between the upper and lower Colorado River watersheds? What are the rainfall patterns within the watershed? How is the gradient of the Colorado River different than other rivers of similar size? Why is gradient important in determining the characteristic of a river?
2. What is special about the Colorado River? Why is it so important (or is it)? How is the Colorado River currently different from its unregulated state?
3. What is the Colorado River Compact? How does the Colorado River Compact deal with inter-annual variability? What determines who gets how much water?
4. What is a hydrograph? What is discharge? What are the units of discharge? What does a hydrograph for a naturally flowing river look like? What about a river just downstream of a hydroelectric dam? What about an other type of dam?
5. What is the "Grand Flush"? Why do we have to "flush" the Grand Canyon periodically?
Slides from today are on Sakai. Materials for the Colorado River Homework Assignment are up on Sakai as well. Your assigned reading for Friday is Exporting the Colorado River to Asia, Through Hay by Ben Jervey Published
January 23, 2014 in National Geographic.
Colorado River Homework
This assignment will require that you access a spreadsheet (GEOL150CORiverHW.xls) and a google Earth file (Colorado River.kml) both of which are available on the resources folder on our Sakai site. If you do not have google Earth on the computer that you will be using to complete this assignment, you can download it for free and use it on any computer with a connection to the internet. I assume that you all have access to excel- let me know if this is not the case (Open Office Calc works fine as well). You should turn in this sheet and a document (word or word equivalent) with your written responses to 2-7 and graphs for 2,3,5,6, and 7. Your responses do not have to be long or detailed as long as they effectively demonstrate that you are able to make (reasonable) conclusions from the data that you are given.
The spreadsheet contains hydrographic data for eight stream gauges along the Colorado River that were operating throughout 2013. The raw data is made available to the public by the Unites States Geologic Survey and is available in 15-minute intervals; I have taken the raw data, dealt with missing portions, and reduced the resolution of the data by averaging the discharge to hourly, daily, and monthly intervals (there are three tabs named hourly, daily, and monthly…). The other tab contains a table with information about the locations of the stream gauges and other important landmarks along the river. The google Earth file will give you a geospatial context for the data and will be necessary for completion of #8. This assignment is due at the beginning of class on Wednesday, February 26th. I will be hosting help sessions for any interested students on the evenings of Monday and Tuesday after break (the 24th and 25th) and, of course, I will be available to assist via email or in person (including over the break).
1. Use the highest resolution data set to find the average discharge for each stream gauge. Provide this in the table in the “Table” tab and on the table on the back of this sheet in cubic feet per second (cfs) and millions of acre feet per year with three significant digits for each.
2. Plot an elevation profile for the Colorado River using the data provided in the “Table” tab. Describe the profile.
3. Plot the total volume of water for each stream gauge as a function of the contributing drainage area for the river at each stream gauge location. Describe what you see and note any evidence for large-scale diversion projects.
4. Find the difference in annual volume of water between each of the stream gauges. Match these numbers up with the large-scale diversion projects in #3 and include your numbers in the table on the back of this sheet.
5. Plot data from all eight stream gauges resolved at monthly intervals (average). Describe the similarities and differences between the discharge patterns of the Colorado River at the eight stream gauges. What does the difference between discharge patterns up and downstream of the Hoover Dam suggest about the importance of the storage capacity available at Lake Mead?
6. Plot the hourly resolved discharge for Lee’s Ferry and the Grand Canyon from June 30 to August 3. What is going on here? What is the average flow velocity for the reach in between these stream gauges? Give your answer in miles per hour with one significant digit.
7. Plot the daily resolved discharge for Lee’s Ferry for a few weeks. What does the pattern suggest about when we consume electricity?
8. Use the ruler tool in google Earth to find how far the Colorado River travels in Mexico before completely drying up for imagery collected on 4/9/2013 (probably the default) and on 8/18/2007. Use the diversion at the Morales Dam as the border crossing and give your answer to the nearest mile. How does this compare to complete distance to the Gulf of California. Express your answers as a percent of the total distance inside of Mexico with two significant digits.
The spreadsheet contains hydrographic data for eight stream gauges along the Colorado River that were operating throughout 2013. The raw data is made available to the public by the Unites States Geologic Survey and is available in 15-minute intervals; I have taken the raw data, dealt with missing portions, and reduced the resolution of the data by averaging the discharge to hourly, daily, and monthly intervals (there are three tabs named hourly, daily, and monthly…). The other tab contains a table with information about the locations of the stream gauges and other important landmarks along the river. The google Earth file will give you a geospatial context for the data and will be necessary for completion of #8. This assignment is due at the beginning of class on Wednesday, February 26th. I will be hosting help sessions for any interested students on the evenings of Monday and Tuesday after break (the 24th and 25th) and, of course, I will be available to assist via email or in person (including over the break).
1. Use the highest resolution data set to find the average discharge for each stream gauge. Provide this in the table in the “Table” tab and on the table on the back of this sheet in cubic feet per second (cfs) and millions of acre feet per year with three significant digits for each.
2. Plot an elevation profile for the Colorado River using the data provided in the “Table” tab. Describe the profile.
3. Plot the total volume of water for each stream gauge as a function of the contributing drainage area for the river at each stream gauge location. Describe what you see and note any evidence for large-scale diversion projects.
4. Find the difference in annual volume of water between each of the stream gauges. Match these numbers up with the large-scale diversion projects in #3 and include your numbers in the table on the back of this sheet.
5. Plot data from all eight stream gauges resolved at monthly intervals (average). Describe the similarities and differences between the discharge patterns of the Colorado River at the eight stream gauges. What does the difference between discharge patterns up and downstream of the Hoover Dam suggest about the importance of the storage capacity available at Lake Mead?
6. Plot the hourly resolved discharge for Lee’s Ferry and the Grand Canyon from June 30 to August 3. What is going on here? What is the average flow velocity for the reach in between these stream gauges? Give your answer in miles per hour with one significant digit.
7. Plot the daily resolved discharge for Lee’s Ferry for a few weeks. What does the pattern suggest about when we consume electricity?
8. Use the ruler tool in google Earth to find how far the Colorado River travels in Mexico before completely drying up for imagery collected on 4/9/2013 (probably the default) and on 8/18/2007. Use the diversion at the Morales Dam as the border crossing and give your answer to the nearest mile. How does this compare to complete distance to the Gulf of California. Express your answers as a percent of the total distance inside of Mexico with two significant digits.
Monday, February 10, 2014
Monday Week Six
...some questions...
1. What is going on with the water in WV? Why are people billing WVAWC? What is the response of WVAWC?
2. What is rainwater harvesting? What does the US government do to encourage of discourage rainwater harvesting? What do governments in do general general to get people to do things that are in the public interest? Why is rainwater harvesting in the public interest? What is LEED?
3. How do states regulate rainwater harvesting? Is there a pattern between state-level regulation with regard to the legality of harvesting rain?Why might the interpretation of prior appropriation doctrine present a problem for would-be rainwater harvesters? Why are interpretations by UT and CO so different from interpretations by TX and AZ?
4. What are the upsides and downsides of rainwater harvesting? What is(are) the major hurdle that prevents rainwater harvesting from becoming a more important piece of the water supply puzzle particularly in the regions that would benefit most from augmenting their water resources?
5. What does a small-scale, residential rainwater harvesting system look like? How must a system be modified to provide potable water?
6. What are the rainfall parameters (expressed in average annual cumulative precipitation) for productive, irrigation-free agriculture? What are the rainfall parameters (expressed in average annual cumulative precipitation) for human inhabitation without substantial management of water resources?
Slides from today are on Sakai. There is no assigned reading for Wednesday (sorry).
1. What is going on with the water in WV? Why are people billing WVAWC? What is the response of WVAWC?
2. What is rainwater harvesting? What does the US government do to encourage of discourage rainwater harvesting? What do governments in do general general to get people to do things that are in the public interest? Why is rainwater harvesting in the public interest? What is LEED?
3. How do states regulate rainwater harvesting? Is there a pattern between state-level regulation with regard to the legality of harvesting rain?Why might the interpretation of prior appropriation doctrine present a problem for would-be rainwater harvesters? Why are interpretations by UT and CO so different from interpretations by TX and AZ?
4. What are the upsides and downsides of rainwater harvesting? What is(are) the major hurdle that prevents rainwater harvesting from becoming a more important piece of the water supply puzzle particularly in the regions that would benefit most from augmenting their water resources?
5. What does a small-scale, residential rainwater harvesting system look like? How must a system be modified to provide potable water?
6. What are the rainfall parameters (expressed in average annual cumulative precipitation) for productive, irrigation-free agriculture? What are the rainfall parameters (expressed in average annual cumulative precipitation) for human inhabitation without substantial management of water resources?
Slides from today are on Sakai. There is no assigned reading for Wednesday (sorry).
Friday, February 7, 2014
Midterm Exam Information
Point on the midterm exam will come from the following subject areas:
22% water quality
17% global hydrologic cycle: present and future
14% water quality management
13% WV Water Crisis
9% water rights
4% water use
21% other
good luck with your preparation and I will see (many of) you at 7:00 pm Sunday in G22.
22% water quality
17% global hydrologic cycle: present and future
14% water quality management
13% WV Water Crisis
9% water rights
4% water use
21% other
good luck with your preparation and I will see (many of) you at 7:00 pm Sunday in G22.
Friday Week Five
...some questions...
1. What is going on with the WV Water Crisis? Is the water safe to drink? Why are there schools that are cancelling class that show analytical results that are below detection limits for 4-MCHM? Who (locally) is/isn't drinking the water? What is the status of the White House Petition to "Investigate the mismanagement of the WV water disaster by the state and county officials as well as WV American Water"? How does this compare to other important petitions?
2. What is an aquifer? How does the specific hydrologic definition vary from the more general use of the term? What is porosity? What is connectivity? What is permeability? How is permeability measured? What geologic materials have high permeabilities?
3. Where is the High Plains Aquifer (HPA) located? Why is the HPA such an important source of water? Where (generally) is the vertical thickness of the HPA greatest? Where (generally) are the rates of recharge the greatest? Where (generally) are the greatest rates of groundwater withdrawals for irrigation? Where (generally) is the drop (drawdown) in the surface of the water table greatest? Does this (the locations of areas of greatest drawdown) make sense based on the answers to all of the other #3 questions?
4. What is groundwater-related subsidence? Why does it happen? Where (geographically) does it happen? Under what circumstance might it be a natural hazard?
5. How does TX use riparian and prior appropriation surface water rights law. What is a "California Doctrine" state? How does TX do groundwater?
Slides from today are on Sakai. Your assigned reading for Monday is Chapter 4: An American Nile from Cadillac Desert by Marc Reisner (1986, 1991)- it is available as a .pdf on our class Sakai site. All material from today might be covered on the midterm exam. Material covered henceforth (including the reading above) will not be covered on the midterm.
1. What is going on with the WV Water Crisis? Is the water safe to drink? Why are there schools that are cancelling class that show analytical results that are below detection limits for 4-MCHM? Who (locally) is/isn't drinking the water? What is the status of the White House Petition to "Investigate the mismanagement of the WV water disaster by the state and county officials as well as WV American Water"? How does this compare to other important petitions?
2. What is an aquifer? How does the specific hydrologic definition vary from the more general use of the term? What is porosity? What is connectivity? What is permeability? How is permeability measured? What geologic materials have high permeabilities?
3. Where is the High Plains Aquifer (HPA) located? Why is the HPA such an important source of water? Where (generally) is the vertical thickness of the HPA greatest? Where (generally) are the rates of recharge the greatest? Where (generally) are the greatest rates of groundwater withdrawals for irrigation? Where (generally) is the drop (drawdown) in the surface of the water table greatest? Does this (the locations of areas of greatest drawdown) make sense based on the answers to all of the other #3 questions?
4. What is groundwater-related subsidence? Why does it happen? Where (geographically) does it happen? Under what circumstance might it be a natural hazard?
5. How does TX use riparian and prior appropriation surface water rights law. What is a "California Doctrine" state? How does TX do groundwater?
Slides from today are on Sakai. Your assigned reading for Monday is Chapter 4: An American Nile from Cadillac Desert by Marc Reisner (1986, 1991)- it is available as a .pdf on our class Sakai site. All material from today might be covered on the midterm exam. Material covered henceforth (including the reading above) will not be covered on the midterm.
Wednesday, February 5, 2014
Wednesday Week Five
Some questions...
1. What is Bloom's (revised) Taxonomy and what does it have to do with what we are doing here?
2. What happens when water falls from the sky? Why to we have to define some period of time in order to effectively address this question? What is a runoff ratio (or for that matter, what is an evaporation ratio?) Why doesn't the runoff ratio consider rainfall that infiltrates into the ground? What are some of the factors that favor evaporation?
3. What are the four potential sources for water resources? Is moisture farming science fiction?
4. Why are water rights laws different in different parts of the USA? What does it mean to "waste" water? Who regulates water rights in the USA?
5. What are the characteristics of water rights laws as defined under riparian doctrine? Where would you expect to find riparian doctrine areas? What are the climate characteristics of these areas? What is reasonable use? How are water rights transferred? How are shared water resources managed during a drought?
6. What is the doctrine of prior appropriation? What is beneficial use? What happens if you don't put your appropriation to beneficial use? How are water rights transferred? Why is it called the "Colorado Doctrine"? How are shared water resources managed during a drought? What is the difference between paper water and wet water?
7. What is "California Doctrine"? How are water rights managed on tribal lands?
8. What is a water table? What governs the flow of water under the water table? What governs flow of underground water above the water table? What is a cone of depression (not to be confused with the cone of shame)? How are rights to groundwater "generally" regulated in the USA? What is the "law of the biggest pump"?
Slides from today are on Sakai. Your assigned reading is a really good look at water rights in a "California Doctrine" state A Texan's Guide to Water & Water Rights Marketing (.pdf) by the Texas Water Development Board (state government agency). I am pretty sure that you do not have to be Texan to read it. Our midterm exam review session will be 7:00 pm somewhere in the Science Center- I will figure it out and make an announcement on Friday in class.
1. What is Bloom's (revised) Taxonomy and what does it have to do with what we are doing here?
2. What happens when water falls from the sky? Why to we have to define some period of time in order to effectively address this question? What is a runoff ratio (or for that matter, what is an evaporation ratio?) Why doesn't the runoff ratio consider rainfall that infiltrates into the ground? What are some of the factors that favor evaporation?
3. What are the four potential sources for water resources? Is moisture farming science fiction?
4. Why are water rights laws different in different parts of the USA? What does it mean to "waste" water? Who regulates water rights in the USA?
5. What are the characteristics of water rights laws as defined under riparian doctrine? Where would you expect to find riparian doctrine areas? What are the climate characteristics of these areas? What is reasonable use? How are water rights transferred? How are shared water resources managed during a drought?
6. What is the doctrine of prior appropriation? What is beneficial use? What happens if you don't put your appropriation to beneficial use? How are water rights transferred? Why is it called the "Colorado Doctrine"? How are shared water resources managed during a drought? What is the difference between paper water and wet water?
7. What is "California Doctrine"? How are water rights managed on tribal lands?
8. What is a water table? What governs the flow of water under the water table? What governs flow of underground water above the water table? What is a cone of depression (not to be confused with the cone of shame)? How are rights to groundwater "generally" regulated in the USA? What is the "law of the biggest pump"?
Slides from today are on Sakai. Your assigned reading is a really good look at water rights in a "California Doctrine" state A Texan's Guide to Water & Water Rights Marketing (.pdf) by the Texas Water Development Board (state government agency). I am pretty sure that you do not have to be Texan to read it. Our midterm exam review session will be 7:00 pm somewhere in the Science Center- I will figure it out and make an announcement on Friday in class.
Monday, February 3, 2014
Monday Week Five
...some questions...
1. Why does snow (or any kind of frozen or freezing precipitation) present a specific set of water resources management issues? What are the three geographic/physiographic/hydrologic factors that determine the climatological (annual average) levels of snowfall for a particular area? What are the water quality implications of snow management?How are snow management challenges different in areas that tend to receive lots of snow vs. those that tend to receive less? How much snow does it take to cancel school in VT? How about FL?
2. How does the presences of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in surface water downstream of WWTP effluent discharge points suggest about the effectiveness of WWTPs with regard to managing these types of chemicals? What does concentrations of Ra in water above background levels in water downstream of WWTP effluent discharge points say about the effectiveness of WWTPs with regard to managing these types of chemicals? What about isotropically light Ra?
3. How are the source and mangement options different for dissolved inorganic and organic contaminants? How come we can use activated carbon/charcol filters on dissolved organic contaminants and not inorganic?
4. What are the main sources of pathogenic microorganisms that might contaminate a water resource? What three taxa of organisms are we talking about here? Will the same management procedures work for all three groups?
5. How is sediment pollution managed? Where does it come from?
6. How is thermal pollution managed? Where does it come from?
7. How are pH challenges managed? What are the two main sources of problematically low pH?
Slides from today are on Sakai. Sorry, there will be no assigned reading for Wednesday.
1. Why does snow (or any kind of frozen or freezing precipitation) present a specific set of water resources management issues? What are the three geographic/physiographic/hydrologic factors that determine the climatological (annual average) levels of snowfall for a particular area? What are the water quality implications of snow management?How are snow management challenges different in areas that tend to receive lots of snow vs. those that tend to receive less? How much snow does it take to cancel school in VT? How about FL?
2. How does the presences of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in surface water downstream of WWTP effluent discharge points suggest about the effectiveness of WWTPs with regard to managing these types of chemicals? What does concentrations of Ra in water above background levels in water downstream of WWTP effluent discharge points say about the effectiveness of WWTPs with regard to managing these types of chemicals? What about isotropically light Ra?
3. How are the source and mangement options different for dissolved inorganic and organic contaminants? How come we can use activated carbon/charcol filters on dissolved organic contaminants and not inorganic?
4. What are the main sources of pathogenic microorganisms that might contaminate a water resource? What three taxa of organisms are we talking about here? Will the same management procedures work for all three groups?
5. How is sediment pollution managed? Where does it come from?
6. How is thermal pollution managed? Where does it come from?
7. How are pH challenges managed? What are the two main sources of problematically low pH?
Slides from today are on Sakai. Sorry, there will be no assigned reading for Wednesday.
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